Dr tracy is here to help!! asked:


Basically what im asking is if a person gets hepatitis B & they clear it from there system can they have unprotected sex with others & not pass it? I believe i am correct but not totally sure.

Now if the person was a chronic carrier then i believe that’s a different story. They are chronic which means they can spread it to partners & should not have sex without the use of condoms cause it can spread during sex.

Do i have my info correct?

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JJ asked:


I’ve found a lot of information on how virgin coconut oil can kill viruses and bacteria in the body. Has anyone tried this for Hepatitis c?

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Ibrahim asked:


er failure (ALF), also known as fulminant hepatic failure, is a rare manifestation of liver disease and constittes a medical emergency.

The syndrome arises from loss of hepatic parenchyma that may result from a variety of insults to the liver.

Despite advances in medical management and the availability of liver transplantation, mortality rates in patients with ALF remain substantial. It has been estimated that in the United States, 2000 deaths a year are attributable to ALF.

Definition:

ALF has been defined by three criteria: (1) rapid development of hepatocellular dysfunction (e.g., jaundice, coagulopathy), (2) encephalopathy, and (3) absence of a prior history of liver disease

ALF originally was defined by an interval between the onset of illness and appearance of encephalopathy of 8 weeks or less,but there is marked heterogeneity among affected patients with respect to the temporal progression of disease.

Definition:

The time course of ALF has etiologic, biologic, and prognostic significance. For example, an illness of 1 week or less before the development of encephalopathy is characteristic of ALF caused by hepatic ischemia or acetaminophen toxicity.

In contrast, an interval longer than 4 weeks is more likely to be caused by viral hepatitis or ALF of unknown etiology.

Definition:

Patients with a duration of illness longer than 2 weeks before the onset of encephalopathy have a higher likelihood of developing manifestations of portal hypertension, such as ascites or renal failure.

Definition:

Some investigators have suggested that the term fulminant hepatic failure be reserved for cases in which encephalopathy develops within 2 weeks of the onset of jaundice and that the term subfulminant hepatic failure be applied to cases in which encephalopathy develops between 2 weeks and 3 months of the onset of jaundice

Others have proposed that ALF be redefined to comprise three distinct syndromes:

Definition:

Hyperacute liver failure (onset of encephalopathy within 1 week of jaundice), acute liver failure (development of encephalopathy between 1 and 4 weeks of jaundice), and subacute liver failure (development of encephalopathy within 5 to 12 weeks of jaundice).

Unfortunately, there is great overlap in prognosis among patients with varying presentations, regardless of which nomenclature is used. Moreover, no universally accepted nomenclature has yet been adopted.

Causes:

The most common causes of ALF are :

Drugs

Hepatotropic viruses

However, many other conditions can lead to ALF, albeit uncommonly . Despite serologic and molecular advances in the diagnosis of viral infections, ALF of unknown etiology continues to represent a substantial proportion of the patients affected by this syndrome .

Drugs:

Most cases of drug-related ALF result from acetaminophen overdose. In fact, acetaminophen is the most common single cause of ALF .

Acetaminophen is directly hepatotoxic and predictably produces hepatocellular necrosis with an overdose (>12 g). Because of its easy availability, acetaminophen is a common mode of suicide and, occasionally, a cause of unintentional overdose.

Drugs:

Even recommended therapeutic dosages of acetaminophen (as low as 4 g) can sometimes result in ALF in patients who are fasting or who chronically use alcohol or drugs that induce cytochrome oxidases .

Numerous other drugs, including halothane, isoniazid, valproate, sulfonamides, phenytoin, thiazolidinediones, and certain herbal remedies, have been implicated in ALF. In most cases, drug-related ALF is rare and idiosyncratic.

Hepatotropic Viruses:

Hepatitis A and hepatitis B viruses are major causes of ALF .

Infection with hepatitis A virus (HAV) rarely leads to ALF, and when it does, the prognosis is relatively good.

. Although hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the most common viral cause of ALF , ALF is an uncommon manifestation of HBV infection.

Hepatotropic Viruses:

Infection with hepatitis D virus (HDV) requires coinfection with HBV. In certain geographic regions, HDV can account for almost 5% of the cases of ALF in patients who are positive for hepatitis B surface antigen and approximately 4% of the cases of ALF in patients who are positive for IgM antibody to hepatitis B core antigen.

Acute Liver Failure of Unknown Etiology

ALF of unknown etiology, defined by negative serologic testing for hepatitis A and B and the absence of other known causes, constitutes 15% to 44% of the total cases of ALF .

It had been anticipated that new sensitive molecular methods such as the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) would identify a viral etiology for ALF of unknown cause, but most cases remain cryptogenic.

Acute Liver Failure of Unknown Etiology

Although hepatitis C virus (HCV) has been implicated as a cause of ALF in a few patients, it appears that HCV is an exceedingly rare cause of ALF in Western countries. In Japan, however, HCV may be a more common cause of ALF.

Hepatitis E virus (HEV), an acknowledged cause of ALF in central Asia and other parts of the developing world, has not been found to cause ALF in the United States or the European continent.

Acute Liver Failure of Unknown Etiology

Despite the identification of hepatitis G virus (HGV) in patients with ALF of unknown etiology, HGV does not appear to cause ALF.

Several other viruses merit comment. Togavirus-like particles have been identified by electron microscopy in 7 of 18 liver explants from patients who underwent transplantation for ALF but are unlikely to be responsible for a substantial portion of these cryptogenic cases. The TT virus has been found in patients with ALF in the United States and Japan, but it is uncertain whether this virus can cause ALF.

Acute Liver Failure of Unknown Etiology

Finally, parvovirus B19 has been postulated to be an important cause of ALF, but this postulate remains to be verified .

Although these viruses warrant further investigation as causes of ALF, it is doubtful that any of these viral causes will explain the etiology of a significant portion of the cases of cryptogenic ALF.

Clinical Presentation:

The initial presentation of ALF may include nonspecific complaints such as nausea, vomiting, fatigue, and malaise, but jaundice develops soon after .

Hepatocellular Dysfunction:

Hepatocellular injury or loss leads to impaired elimination of bilirubin .

depressed synthesis of coagulation factors I, II, V, VII, IX, and X; diminished glucose synthesis; and decreased lactate uptake or increased generation of intracellular lactate as a result of anaerobic glycolysis.

Clinical Presentation:

These derangements manifest clinically as jaundice, coagulopathy, hypoglycemia, and metabolic acidosis, respectively.

Hepatic Encephalopathy and Cerebral Edema

Encephalopathy is a defining criterion for ALF

The severity of encephalopathy can range from subtle changes in affect, insomnia, and difficulties with concentration (stage 1); to drowsiness, disorientation, and confusion (stage 2); to marked somnolence and incoherence (stage 3); to frank coma (stage 4).

Clinical Presentation:

The pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying ALF-associated encephalopathy are multifactorial.

Many features of ALF, including hypoglycemia, sepsis, hypoxemia, occult seizures, and cerebral edema, can contribute to neurologic abnormalities.

Continuous monitoring of cerebral activity by electroencephalogram (EEG) identifies subclinical seizures in almost 33% of ALF patients with at least stage 3 encephalopathy who are mechanically ventilated and paralyzed.

Clinical Presentation:

Cerebral edema is found in up to 80% of patients who die in the setting of ALF and is virtually universal among patients with coma .

Progressive cerebral edema will produce intracranial hypertension, which results in cerebral hypoperfusion and irreversible neurologic damage .

The pathogenesis of cerebral edema in ALF is poorly understood. It has been proposed to result from the actions of gut-derived neurotoxins that escape hepatic clearance and are released into the systemic circulation.

Clinical Presentation:

Two principal mechanisms appear to contribute to the development of cerebral edema in this setting: brain cell swelling (cytotoxic edema) and disruption of the blood-brain barrier (vasogenic edema).

Progressive cerebral edema can impair cerebral perfusion, which may lead to irreversible neurologic damage or even result in uncal herniation and death .

Clinical Presentation:

Infection

Infections develop in as many as 80% of patients with ALF, and bacteremia is present in 20% to 25%.

Uncontrolled infection accounts for approximately 25% of patients with ALF who are excluded from liver transplantation and approximately 40% of postoperative deaths.

Clinical Presentation:

At least three factors place patients with ALF at increased risk for infection. First, gut-derived microorganisms may enter the systemic circulation from portal venous blood as a result of damage to hepatic macrophages (Kupffer cells).

Second, impaired neutrophil function may result from reduced hepatocellular synthesis of acute-phase reactants, such as components of the complement cascade.

Clinical Presentation:

Third, patients with ALF are often subjected to invasive procedures (e.g., intravascular and urethral catheterization, endotracheal intubation), and physical barriers to infection, including skin and airway, are thus breached.

the major sites of infection are the respiratory and urinary tracts.

It is not surprising therefore that the most common bacteria isolated are staphylococcal and streptococcal species and gram-negative rods.

Clinical Presentation:

Fungal infections develop in up to one third of patients with ALF.

The majority of these infections are caused byCandida albicans. Although Aspergillus infections have been thought to be uncommon in the setting of ALF.

Risk factors for fungal infections are renal failure and prolonged antibiotic therapy for bacterial infections.

Characteristically, fungal infection is associated with fever or leukocytosis refractory to broad-spectrum antibiotics.

Clinical Presentation:

Gastrointestinal Bleeding.

Patients with ALF have an increased risk of hemorrhage because of deficiencies in coagulation factors and thrombocytopenia.

Such critically ill patients thus have a propensity for gastrointestinal stress ulceration and consequent bleeding.

In contrast to patients with chronic liver failure, those with ALF rarely exhibit bleeding from varices.

Clinical Presentation:

Multiple Organ Failure Syndrome

A potential consequence of ALF is the syndrome of multiple organ failure .

This syndrome manifests clinically as peripheral vasodilation with hypotension, pulmonary edema, acute tubular necrosis, and disseminated intravascular coagulation.

Multiple organ failure is a significant contributor to patient mortality and a major contraindication to liver transplantation.

Clinical Presentation:

For example, acute tubular necrosis is associated with a 50% decrease in survival among patients with acetaminophen-induced ALF, and the mortality rate is more than doubled in patients with multiple organ failure.

Respiratory failure commonly is associated with ALF. In one series, 37% of patients with ALF had pulmonary edema.

In another study, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) was present in 33% of patients with acetaminophen-associated ALF.

Clinical Presentation:

The cause of renal failure in ALF (seen in more than one third of patients in one series) is multifactorial.

Hepatorenal syndrome is often difficult to differentiate from intravascular volume depletion, which is also a common finding in ALF.

Acute renal tubular acidosis is a prominent component of multiple organ failure syndrome .

Differential Diagnosis:

The differential diagnosis includes sepsis, preeclampsia/eclampsia, and an acute decompensation of chronic liver disease.

In particular, both sepsis and ALF have similar hemodynamic pictures, with decreases in peripheral vascular resistance accompanied by high cardiac output.

Encephalopathy, a hallmark of ALF, also may be a manifestation of the sepsis syndrome.

Differential Diagnosis:

If the hepatic manifestations of sepsis are severe, the clinical picture can be mistaken for ALF .

Measurement of levels of factor VIII, which is not synthesized by the liver, may be helpful in differentiating sepsis (low factor VIII level) from ALF (factor VIII level generally not suppressed .

In the pregnant patient, preeclampsia/eclampsia also can be difficult to differentiate from ALF, particularly ALF resulting from fatty liver of pregnancy.

Differential Diagnosis:

an acute exacerbation of liver dysfunction in patients with underlying chronic liver disease is occasionally confused with ALF.

Examples include alcoholic hepatitis in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis and flares of chronic viral hepatitis.

Predictors of outcome:

Patients with ALF fall into two broad categories:

(1) those in whom intensive medical care enables recovery of hepatic function

(2) those who require liver transplantation to survive

Thus, it is critical to determine rapidly the group into which a particular patient may belong. It is also critical to avoid the following two scenarios:

(1) death of the patient despite intensive medical care without consideration of transplantation .

Predictors of outcome:

(2) unnecessary liver transplantation when recovery would have occurred spontaneously.

The etiology of disease and clinical presentation have predictive relevance

For example, patients with ALF caused by hepatitis A have a better prognosis than those with ALF of unknown etiology.

Patients who reach stage 3 or stage 4 encephalopathy tend to do worse than those who reach only stage 1 or stage 2.

Predictors of outcome:

However, these indicators do not allow accurate prediction of the need for transplantation .

The most extensive analysis has been performed by investigators at King’s College in London.

These investigators performed a multivariate analysis of clinical and biochemical variables and their relation to mortality in 588 patients with ALF.

Predictors of outcome:

The following characteristics were associated with a poor outcome:

negative serology for hepatitis A or B, younger (40 years) age, prolonged duration of jaundice, markedly elevated serum bilirubin level, marked prolongation of the prothrombin time, and in patients with acetaminophen toxicity, arterial acidosis, and an elevated serum creatinine level.

Click here to Read Complete Article:

http://www.ehealthguide.info/read_new82848.html

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Christina Piccoli asked:


If you’re tying to figure out how long you can live with cirrosis of the liver due to hepatitis c, it’ll be difficult to find a true answer as there are many factors involved. The good news is that some of those factors include your diet and stress levels, and you can easily change those in order to help prolong your life.

But first, let’s talk about what happens when you are listed for a transplant. In this case, you are given a Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score. The lab values used in the MELD calculation include:

Bilirubin, which measures how well your liver is excreting bile. INR, which measures your liver’s ability to make blood clotting factors. Creatine, which measures kidney function. Kidneys that aren’t functioning properly are often associated with severe liver disease.

The MELD score can go up and down depending on your lab values. For instance, you can have a high score, then receive treatment and your score will then go down. (By the way, this score doesn’t take symptoms into account, just lab work.)

In many cases, it’s common for doctors to wait until after a transplant to treat hepatitis C once the liver is healthier and better able to clear the infection. Even with hepatitis C, you can live a very long time with treatment and a new liver. It’s also good to note that hepatitis C doesn’t always cause cirrhosis.

If you decide to do a liver transplant, make sure to set some goals for yourself. Leading up to a transplant and after a transplant, your muscles are affected. If you can, try to do some light exercising to keep your muscle tone up and to stay as strong as you can. You also want to make sure to eat a healthy diet which includes plenty of protein and calcium.



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Nicole Cutler, L.Ac. asked:


Many people who have been diagnosed with Hepatitis C are able to live very healthy lives without experiencing any symptoms. However, it is important to recognize the fact that even though one may feel healthy, Hepatitis C is a progressive condition. This means that liver damage develops slowly over time. Experts believe that although one may not be showing immediate symptoms, such as high enzyme levels, the virus is still advancing, just at a slower rate for some people.

Medical experts believe that liver damage occurs in four to five stages: inflammation, fibrosis, cirrhosis, liver cancer and liver failure. As the body tries to fight against infection, the liver becomes inflamed, thus beginning the initial phase of this disease. Fibrosis is the process of the inflamed liver tissue becoming scarred. Eventually, the scarred liver tissue can no longer repair itself; it is at this point that cirrhosis occurs. The first three stages of liver disease can occur rapidly or at a very slow pace. If you take appropriate measures, like supplementing your diet with a high quality liver support supplement such as milk thistle, you can actively slow the progression of liver damage.

Cirrhosis occurs when there is more scarred liver tissue than healthy tissue; this stage is generally considered an irreversible condition. Once cirrhosis is present, there is an increased risk of developing liver cancer. Following liver cancer, when the liver is no longer functioning, the final stage in the progression of HCV is liver failure.

The medical community hasn’t yet been able to find a way to stop the progression of liver disease. Although, clinical studies have shown that making healthy lifestyle choices, for example abstaining from alcohol, to support your liver can help to slow this progression. Also, nutritional supplements, such as Maximum Milk Thistle, have been shown in clinical studies to protect liver cells from damage, help regenerate liver cells and have been proven to slow the progression of fibrosis.

Learn more about Hepatitis C, as well as the three main factors that accelerate the progression of the virus.



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HAKEEM asked:


i tested positive for herpes, and negative for hiv and hepatitis. but there is some number on the herpes test 1.10> its says and on hcv the number on there is 0.05. but there is no number on hiv. whats do these numbers mean?

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Doomsayer asked:


I was infected with it Hepatitis B, When I was very little(2 years old) at a hospital. With used/unsterilized needle by unprofessional nurse. I am physically fit, I have athletic figure, and I am physically healthy. I drink alcohol socially and I just quit smoking cigarette like two years ago. I am just curious on what is the average life-span of a person who is infected with Hepatitis B.

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Nicole Cutler, L.Ac. asked:


For those living with Hepatitis C, much of the focus for staying healthy is based on traditional Western medicine. Unfortunately, these medications don’t always effectively support the needs of a large population of the hepatitis community, and can even cause more discomfort or illness than before. For those seeking alternative, natural ways to stay healthy, it can be overwhelming with all of the options available today.

One simple option that is available to everyone, and is often overlooked, is making healthy food choices. Many people do not realize, or even forget in this fast paced culture that we live in, how much of an effect our food choices have on our bodies. Getting back to basics with healthy nutrition can be a great way to start feeling better.

If you have Hepatitis C, you may have been warned about the many foods that can harm your liver, but then are often left in the dark about what foods may help. There are many ideal foods out there that provide lots of antioxidants and vitamins and can help to remove toxins, as well as help support the immune system. To name a few, whey protein helps to build antioxidants, mung beans provide vitamins and can help flush toxins and shitake mushrooms have been shown to strengthen the immune system. Artichokes, dandelion greens and foods rich in selenium such as Brazil nuts and broccoli are also beneficial to your liver.

Understanding the positive effect that healthy food choices can provide is just one more way to keep your body healthy. Making the choice to consume foods that benefit your body rather than harm your body is another valuable tool that is readily available and can make a big difference in how you feel.

Learn more about these six foods and how they can help you.



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john daniel asked:


Acute viral hepatitis is the most common of the serious infectious diseases of the liver. It is caused by several types of viruses that produce inflammation of the liver. Infection with hepatitis A virus usually results in complete recovery and immunity to future type A infection. The symptoms of hepatitis B, a more serious infection, are usually more severe and persistent (although all types of viral hepatitis may be symptomless). Hepatitis C (formerly known as non-A, non-B hepatitis) is the most common cause of chronic hepatitis. Hepatitis E is similar to type A but is only found near the Indian Ocean, and hepatitis D only infects people already infected with type B.

Although there is no specific treatment for these disorders, most patients recover over time. Some people become carriers of hepatitis B, C, or D that is, they remain infectious long after all symptoms have cleared. In some cases, both hepatitis B and hepatitis C may lead to chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and liver cancer.

Prevention

Hepatitis types A and B vaccines are advised prior to traveling to areas where hepatitis infection rates are high. Type B vaccine is also recommended for all children and adults in high-risk categories, such as health care workers, people with multiple sexual partners and renal dialysis patients. Wash your hands with warm water and soap after a bowel movement or before handling food, especially if you have hepatitis A or E or if you are caring for someone with the infection. (Because hepatitis is contagious for weeks before symptoms develop, people may carry and spread the disease without realizing it.) When traveling abroad or in areas with poor sanitation, drink only bottled water or other bottled beverages and eat only cooked foods and fruit you can peel yourself. Use condoms during sexual intercourse to help prevent the spread of hepatitis B. Avoid intimate contact with infected persons if possible. Sterile or disposable needles should be used in acupuncture, ear piercing, or tattooing. Ask about sterilization procedures in advance.

The Cure And Treatment

Avoid alcoholic beverages during recovery. Rest as needed. Increase caloric intake. Several small meals daily rather than a few large ones may help combat nausea and loss of appetite. In severe cases, temporary intravenous feeding may be necessary. Prevention, cure and treatment as prescribed by doctors who are starting to consider alternative therapy recommends the “one minute cure for all diseases”. We all know that this prevention, cure and treatment have gain publicity to a lot of people. The theory is so simple; studies revealed that if you deprive a cell 35% of its required levels of oxygen for 2 to 3days, the cell would become malignant and cancerous. Most people don’t know is that the lack of oxygen is not only the underlying cause of hepatitis and cancer but is also the cause of most diseases. When the body is supplied and delivered with abundant amounts of oxygen, no cancer cells, viruses, harmful bacteria, toxins, pathogens and disease microorganisms can survive because they cannot survive in a highly oxygenated environment. We have to be reminded that oxygen is the primary element that our cells need when it comes to cell regeneration and this is very important in dealing hepatitis at the cellular level.

For further information about Hepatitis - Prevention And Cure, more articles about the causes, symptoms and diagnosis of Hepatitis and for and in-depth study of the one minute cure for all diseases. Just follow the link and watch also the 5minute video presentation for final assessment:

http://curewithinoneminute.com



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Steven A Johnson asked:


It is widely accepted that your liver is one of the most important organs. It is also your body’s largest organ. Generally, it is incredibly resilient; however, it is not indestructible. It is really important to learn about problems that can happen with the liver and understand how to avoid problems in the future.

Your liver is about the size of a football, and weighs three to four pounds. It is located just under your rib cage towards the right side of your abdomen, and it performs hundreds of important body functions such as digestion of food, absorption of nutrients, and ridding the body of toxic substances in order to stay alive.

It is important to maintain a healthy liver, because serious complications can arise if you develop problems. Certain problems with the liver cannot be prevented, such as those that are caused by inheritance. However, you can take action to prevent other types of liver problems. It is crucial to your long term health to learn to recognize symptoms of liver problems and how to avoid them.

Mostly everything you eat, drink, and breathe eventually passes through your body and reaches your liver, even things that are absorbed into your skin. The liver is responsible for controlling your metabolism; this is the process in which your liver breaks down nutrients into energy. The energy is then delivered to the rest of your body through the bloodstream. It is also the function of the liver to break down toxins into byproducts that are eliminated from the body.

Another important function of the liver is that it serves as a storage area for sugar, and then when the body requires more energy, it releases the sugar in the form of energy. The liver is also vital in producing many substances that perform vital tasks in your body, this is a secondary function similar to that of a chemical factory. One example of this is bile, which is a fluid that helps to carry away waste. Bile also helps to digest fat located in the small intestine, along with cholesterol, that is a substance required by nearly every cell in your body.

The liver is possibly the most resilient organ in the face of problems. It is able to retain function even after many of its cells are lost to disease. Amazingly it possesses the ability to regenerate in a just a few weeks; even if much of it has been removed because of surgery.

It is important to understand that your liver isn’t indestructible! Liver problems are possible for anyone, due to diet or inherited disease. Certain behaviors, such as, excessive alcohol consumption over an extended amount of years is one of the main causes of liver disease. When a person consumes too much alcohol, the liver can swell with fat, enabling a condition called fatty liver. When the fat becomes inflamed during certain circumstances, it could potentially lead to either alcoholic hepatitis, a serious condition with the liver. Alcoholic hepatitis causes serious but generally reversible liver damage, or in worst case scenario, cirrhosis, which causes irreversible liver damage. A liver with cirrhosis shrinks to a fraction of its normal size because of extensive scarring,

Another type of liver disease is viral hepatitis, this disease can lead to serious problems with the liver and is generally the most common type disease associated with the liver. Hepatitis primarily causes the liver to become inflamed. There are three types of hepatitis that affect the liver, hepatitis A, hepatitis B and hepatitis C, but the good news is that they can all be prevented!

If you are one of the people who are experiencing problems with their liver, and would like to increase the health of your liver, you are not alone! Many people have discovered Critical Liver Care by Renew Life. Critical Liver Care is an advanced, highly concentrated support supplement for the liver, formulated to assist individuals with special liver needs.



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