Archive for May, 2009

The Relationship Between Hepatitis and Oral Health

hepatitis May 31st, 2009

Hepatitis
Robert asked:


Hepatitis, more particularly Hepatitis C, has been associated with the decline or worsening of the oral health condition of patients infected with the diseases. As such, these patients experience problems not just pertaining to the health of their teeth and mouth, but also with their quality of life as manifested by their reluctance to interact with other people in society due to their very poor oral health.

Before we further discuss the state of the oral health of people with hepatitis, let us first understand what hepatitis is especially hepatitis C.

Hepatitis is the overall term used to describe an inflammation or infection of the liver. The most common variation of this is the hepatitis C. Hepatitis C is caused by a virus (HCV or Hepatitis C Virus) that infects the liver.

A large number of people may not be aware that they are infected with the hepatitis C virus mainly perhaps because of the lack of symptoms and also due to a mild infection. The problem with this is that it may take years before the symptoms start to show in which case it means the liver is already heavily infected and perhaps even damaged.

There are various causes of hepatitis C, ways in which a person can get the infection. The following are the most common means:

1. Most hepatitis C infections are caused by infected needles. The ones with the most probability of infection are from needles used in administering illegal drugs and also needles used for tattooing.

2. Blood transfusion is also a probable cause but this has become rarer especially since 1992 when tests were finally developed to indicate hepatitis C infection in donor blood.

3. Other probable causes are through sexual intercourse and a pregnant mother with hepatitis C transferring the infection to her unborn child. These last two are less common than from blood transfusions and needles.

Now in relation between hepatitis C and oral health of infected patients, these people are more prone to having tooth decay and other tooth abnormalities. And in a society wherein the aesthetics of any body part is highly regarded, having an unattractive smile due to poor teeth has caused great loss of self-esteem to hepatitis C patients. They are generally uncomfortable with their appearance and thus they prefer not to interact with other people especially with strangers. The other related emotional impact can just be easily surmised.

The most common oral health complaints of these patients are toothache, chronic pain in the mouth especially with the gums and difficulty relaxing due to the pain.

Hepatitis C patients always have higher risks for poor oral health. They are more likely to develop tooth decay, periodontal diseases, sensitive teeth, soreness of the mouth and the gums and bleeding. They also will likely suffer from having what is referred to as salivary gland dysfunction which is a reduction in the volume of the saliva. With less saliva, patients can suffer from halitosis or bad breath and frequent dryness of the mouth. An estimated 80% of hepatitis C patients are expected to incur this salivary gland dysfunction.





Lester
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Hepatitis Part I - What Causes Hepatitis

hepatitis May 29th, 2009

Hepatitis
Kyle J. Norton asked:


Hepatitis is characterized by the destruction of a number of liver cells and the presence of inflammatory cells in the liver tissue caused by excessive alcohol drinking, disorders of the gall bladder or pancreas, including medication side effects, and infections. There are many other infective agents that can cause inflammation of the liver, or hepatitis. However, the term is unfortunately commonly used to refer to a particular group of viruses such as Hepatitis A, B, and C.

A person can develop hepatitis if they contract one of the viruses that can cause liver inflammation, or as a result of exposure to substances that can cause hepatitis. There are two ways that can lead to hepatitis: it can either occur as a result of infections or from autoimmune processes.

Hepatitis can be divided into two subgroups:

1. Acute hepatitis

Acute hepatitis caused by the below in result of inflammation that causes damaging to the liver’s normal function and lasting less than six months. People having a weakened immune system and weaken liver, making them more susceptible to be infected by hepatitis.

a) Infectious viral hepatitis such as hepatitis A, B, C, D, E.

b) Inflammation of liver caused by Epstein-Barr virus and cytomegalovirus.

c) Inflammation of liver caused by other bacteria.

d) Medication overdose causing damage to liver tissues and cells such as tranquilizers, chemotherapeutic agents, antibiotics and anesthetics.

e) Excessive alcohol drinking.

2. Chronic hepatitis:

Chronic hepatitis means active, ongoing inflammation of the liver persisting for more than six months. Chronic hepatitis, although much less common than acute hepatitis, can persist for years, even decades. In most people, it is quite mild and does not cause significant liver damage. It may be caused by hepatitis B and C viruses, drugs and excessive alcohol drinking. It can also result in cirrhosis, with an enlarged spleen and fluid accumulation in the abdominal cavity. In some people, continued inflammation slowly damages the liver, eventually resulting in severe scarring of the liver, liver failure and sometimes liver cancer.

I hope this information will help. If you need more information, please visit my home page at:

Kyle J. Norton

http://medicaladvisorjournals.blogspot.com/

http://hepatitisi.blogspot.com/

http://hepatitisii.blogspot.com/

All rights reserved. Any reproducing of this article must have all the links intact.



Sam
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Can herpes and hepatitis C be transferred to another person by kissing on the mouth?

hepatitis May 28th, 2009

Hepatitis
poopek asked:


My sister has herpes (the STD one) and my mom has hepatitis…..My other sister and I are concerned because they both kiss my little 16 month old niece on the mouth all the time. It grosses me out. Is there any way that my niece can get either of those diseases from kisses? I want to say something to my sister and mom but don’t want to hurt their feelings.

Peter
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Hepatitis Part VIII - Hepatitis Treatment

hepatitis May 26th, 2009

Hepatitis
Kyle J. Norton asked:


As we mentioned in previous articles, hepatitis is characterized by the destruction of a number of liver cells and the presence of inflammatory cells in the liver tissue caused by excessive alcohol drinking, disorders of the gall bladder or pancreas, medication side effects, and infections. Here are some ways to treat Hepatitis:

1. Liver Detoxification

Strengthens the immune system with vitamins, nutritional supplements and herbs that we have been discussed lengthily in other articles.

2. Ozone therapy

Ozone oxidizes the cells of the body systemically. It stimulates enzymes and phagocytes of the white blood cells which chew up the viruses and the bacteria in the blood. It also activates alpha interferon, gamma interferon, interleukin II and tumor necrosis factor.. It is effective in treating hepatitis B patients with high successful rate.

3. Lamivudine therapy

Combining vaccine therapy with lamivudine has improved therapeutic potential for chronic hepatitis B. It helps to strengthen the immune system fighting against the hepatitis B virus specially with patients with chronic HBV infection and active viral replication.

4. Interferon-alpha therapy

Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a serious health problem because of its worldwide distribution. There are over 350 million people in the world infected with chronic HBV, 75% of whom live in the Asia–Pacific region. Interferon-alfa and direct antiviral agents such as lamivudine and adefovir are effective in the therapy of chronic HBV infection but only with some success, particularly in perinatally infected patients, patients with lower ALT levels and those with negative chronic hepatitis B.

5. Pegylated interferon

Pegylated interferon may be considered thebest choice of treatment for patients with chronic hepatitis B infection. This therapy has been shown to be superior to both conventional interferon as well as lamivudine in the treatment of both hepatitis B positive and negative chronic hepatitis B with successful rates of 35-45%.

Click here for more information

I hope that this information will help. If you need more information of the above subject, please visit my home page at:

Kyle J. Norton

http://medicaladvisorjournals.blogspot.com/

http://hepatitisviii.blogspot.com/

http://hepatitisx.blogspot.com/

All rights reserved. Any reproducing of this article must have all the links intact.



Tanya
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Bloodborne Pathogens and Osha: “hepatitis B Vaccination and Post-exposure Evaluation and Follow Up”

hepatitis May 24th, 2009

Hepatitis
OSHAOptics asked:


Bloodborne Pathogens means pathogenic microorganisms that may be present in human blood and can cause disease in humans. These pathogens include, but are not limited to, hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This article will address HBV exclusively.

 

Hepatitis B is a potentially serious form of liver inflammation due to infection by the hepatitis B virus (HBV). It occurs in both rapidly developing (acute) and long-lasting (chronic) forms, and is one of the commonest chronic infectious diseases worldwide.

 

The Hepatitis B vaccine is administered intramuscularly in three doses usually given on a schedule of 0, 1, and 6 months, but there can be flexibility in this schedule. More than 95 percent of children and adolescents and more than 90 percent of young, healthy adults develop adequate immunity following the recommended three doses. Persons who respond to the vaccine are protected from both acute hepatitis B infections as well as chronic infection.

 

OSHA mandates employers make available the hepatitis B vaccine and vaccination series to all employees who have occupational exposure, and post-exposure evaluation and follow-up to all employees who have had an exposure incident. OSHA further requires employers are to ensure that all medical evaluations and procedures including the hepatitis B vaccine and vaccination series and post-exposure evaluation and follow-up, including prophylaxis are:

 

1. Made available at no cost to the employee

 

2. Made available to the employee at a reasonable time and place

 

3. Performed by or under the supervision of a licensed physician or by or under the supervision of another licensed healthcare professional

 

Following a report of an exposure incident, OSHA mandates that the employer shall make immediately available to the exposed employee a confidential medical evaluation and follow-up, including at least the following elements:

 

1. Documentation of the route(s) of exposure

 

2. The circumstances under which the exposure incident occurred

 

3. Identification and documentation of the source individual, unless the employer can establish that identification is infeasible or prohibited by state or local law

 

Hepatitis B Post-Vaccination Titer Notes:

 

All healthcare workers should have serologic testing 1–2 months following the final dose of the hepatitis B vaccine series.

 

If adequate anti-HBs is present (>10mIU/mL), nothing more needs to be done. An anti-HBs serologic test result of >10mIU/mL indicates immunity. Periodic testing or boosting is not needed. If the post-vaccination test result is less than 10mIU/mL, the vaccine series should be repeated and testing done 1–2 months after the second series.

 

Hepatitis B Vaccine Notes:

 

· Brand Names: Engerix-B, Recombivax HB

 

· The hepatitis B vaccine has been available since 1982.

 

· The hepatitis B vaccine causes the body to produce protective levels of hepatitis B antibodies which will protect against infection from hepatitis B virus.

 

· The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommends hepatitis B vaccination for everyone 18 years of age and younger, and for adults over 18 years of age who are at risk for HBV infection.

 

· There is no known cure for hepatitis B. Thus, prevention is the best option to dealing with this disease. Currently, the only Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved medicines for treatment of hepatitis B are Interferon Alpha and Lamivudine.

 

o   Interferon Alpha is usually used only for persons whose liver enzyme tests are abnormal.

 

o   The FDA recently approved Lamivudine in December 1998 for the treatment of chronic    hepatitis.

 

For more information on Bloodborne Pathogens & OSHA feel free to email OSHA Optics, LLC at:

 

Compliance@OSHAOptics.com

 

For information on OSHA’s mandated annual training requirements for healthcare workers, we encourage you to visit OSHA Optics, LLC’s website at:

 

www.OSHAOptics.com



Darren
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Hepatitis Part IV - How to Prevent and Treat Hepatitis With Chinese Herbs

hepatitis May 22nd, 2009

Hepatitis
Kyle J. Norton asked:


Hepatitis is characterized by the destruction of a number of liver cells and the presence of inflammatory cells in the liver tissue caused by excessive alcohol drinking, disorders of the gall bladder or pancreas, including medication side effects, and infections. in last article we have discuss foods that help to reduce the inflammation of the liver as well as liver detoxification. In this article, we will discuss how to prevent and treat hepatitis with Chinese Herbs. We all know that Chinese herbs have over 4000 years of history in treating all kind of disease in China.

Here are some Chinese herbs that have been used to prevent and treat hepatitis with proven results.

1. Natural schisandra,

Schisandradra contains essential oils, acids and lignans that help to regenerate liver tissue caused by excessive drinking of alcohol and hepatitis virus.

2. Milk thistle,

consists of three components silybin, silydianin, and silychristin that help to reverse liver damage from alcohol, liver injure in result of chronic hepatitis and sloe the advance of cirrhosis.

3. Dan shen Danshen

is frequently used for these problems in combination with other herbs in treating liver diseases such as cirrhosis, fibrosis, and chronic hepatitis B.

4. Lycii

Lycii contains high amount of beta-carotene that helps to nourish and tonify liver and kidney.

5. Chinese licorice

Licorice contains a compound called glycyrrhizin and has a long history of medicinal use in both Eastern and Western systems of medicine in treating infections caused by viruses, such as hepatitis.

6. Astragalus

Astragalus is used conbination with other Chinese herbs are thought to possess properties in treating cancer, viral infection and immune system disorder. Astragalus is an ingredient in

7. Baikal scullcap

Baikal scullcap contains a chemical of baikalin that helps liver to detoxification and fight against liver infection.

8. Gynostemma pentaphylla

This herb has been used over thousand years in Chinese history in treating a variety of diseases such as high blood fat, heart disease, strengthen immune system as well as hepatitis.

9. American ginseng

American ginseng contain the ginsenosides ingredient that is effective in preventing GalN-induced liver cell damage and is a useful agent for chemoprevention of cancer or inflammatory diseases such as liver infection by hepatitis virus.

I hope this information will help. If you need more information, please visit my home page at:

Kyle J. Norton

http://medicaladvisorjournals.blogspot.com/

http://hepatitisiv.blogspot.com/

All rights reserved. Any reproducing of this article must have all the links intact.



Jeremy
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Causes of Hepatitis and Treatment

hepatitis May 22nd, 2009

Hepatitis
Corwin Brown asked:


Hepatitis is the Latin word for liver inflammation. It is characterised by the destruction of a number of liver cells and the presence of inflammatory cells in the liver tissue.

Hepatitis can be caused by diseases that primarily attack the liver cells. It can also arise as a result of a disease such as mononucleosis.

Hepatitis can be divided into two subgroups according to its duration:

# acute hepatitis - lasting less than six months

# chronic hepatitis - lasting longer than six months.

The main goal of treatment of chronic hepatitis C is to eliminate detectable viral RNA from the blood. Lack of detectable hepatitis C virus

RNA from blood six months after completing therapy is known as a sustained response. Studies suggest that a sustained response is

equated with a very favorable prognosis and that it may be equivalent to a cure. There may be other more subtle benefits of treatment,

such as slowing the progression of liver scarring (fibrosis) in patients who do not achieve a sustained response.

All current treatment protocols for hepatitis C are based on the use of various preparations of interferon alpha, which are administered

by intramuscular or subcutaneous injection. Interferon alpha is a naturally occurring glycoprotein that is secreted by cells in response to

viral infections. It exerts its effects by binding to a membrane receptor. Receptor binding initiates a series of intracellular signaling

events that ultimately leads to enhanced expression of certain genes. This leads to the enhancement and induction of certain cellular

activities including augmentation of target cell killing by lymphocytes and inhibition of virus replication in infected cells.



Eugene
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Do i need to get that second hepatitis A shot?

hepatitis May 22nd, 2009

Hepatitis
a girl asked:


I went to Africa a while back and got all the shots necessary before I went. I got a call today reminding me that I have an appt to get the second Hepatitis A shot and really don’t want to do it. I’ve had no trouble in Africa or since I got back. Do you really think it is important? Could something suddenly go wrong or could I skip it?

Brent
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What causes and how to recognize early phases of hepatitis ?

hepatitis May 18th, 2009

Hepatitis
Valed asked:


especially the one which is hardest to diagnose early.
I smoked cigarette leftovers from the ground and soon after i got this irritating thing in my throat which lasts almost a month from now and makes me constantly to spit.
My question is, what could it be. could it be hepatitis ?

Christian
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Hepatitis Part VII - How to Prevent and Treat Hepatitis With Herbs

hepatitis May 17th, 2009

Hepatitis
Kyle J. Norton asked:


As we mentioned in previous articles, hepatitis is characterized by the destruction of a number of liver cells and the presence of inflammatory cells in the liver tissue caused by excessive alcohol drinking, disorders of the gall bladder or pancreas, medication side effects, and infections. Beside foods, nutrition, herbs also play an important role in preventing and treating hepatitis.

1. Red clover

Rich in micro-nutrients it possesses activity against several bacteria. A good dietary supplement of vitamin A and Iron, it also contains B- complex, vitamins C,F, and P, some selenium, cobalt, nickel, manganese, sodium and is particularly rich in magnesium, calcium and copper.

2. Oregon grape root

The herb stimulates the action on the liver and is one of the best blood cleansers. Mild stimulant to the thyroid functions and aids in the assimilation of nutrients.

3. Echinacea

Echinacea is an immuno stimulant. Enhancing the body’s resistance against both bacterial and viral infections it is probably the best detoxifying agent in Western Herbalism. It cleanses the blood and lymph systems, helps arrest pus formation and tissue putrefaction

4. Sarsaparilla

Sarsaparilla purifies the urino-genital tract, dispelling all infection and inflammation. It’s purifying action extends to the nervous system and is therefore useful in many nervous disorders. Sarsaparilla’s diaphoretic and blood cleansing action is useful for rheumatic inflammation.

5. Licorice root

Licorice root is a natural anti-inflammatory agent. It helps to increase the secretion of digestive enzymes and bile and is widely regarded as the supreme liver tonic.

6. Burdock

It clears congestion, reduces swelling and dispels toxins via the skin, kidneys and bowel. It is a nutritive and rejuvenatory tonic . Historically it has been used to support the action of the kidneys in urinary tract infections.

7. Dandelion

Dandelion cleanses the liver, kidneys, lymph and bowel and is ideal for toxic blood conditions. It increases the secretion of digestive enzymes and bile and is widely regarded as the supreme liver tonic.

I hope that this information will help. If you need more information, please visit my home page at:

Kyle J. Norton

http://medicaladvisorjournals.blogspot.com/

http://hepatitisvii.blogspot.com/

http://hepatitisviii.blogspot.com/

All rights reserved. Any reproducing of this article must have all the links intact.



Melanie
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